Estudo por simulações de Monte Carlo das emissões correlacionadas em cascata de raios gama não colineares para imageamento médico

Autores

  • Leonid Leopold Nkuba Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission
    • Innocent Jimmy Lugendo University of Dar es Salaam image/svg+xml
      • Methodology
      • Writing – Review & Editing
      • Formal Analysis

    DOI:

    https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2026.3031

    Palavras-chave:

    Reconstrução de imagem médica, raio gama não colinear, localização 3D da fonte, simulação Monte Carlo GATE

    Resumo

    Técnicas de imagem convencionais, como SPECT e PET, não conseguem identificar diretamente as posições dos núcleos individuais em decaimento. Por esse motivo, dependem fortemente da retroprojeção estatística para a reconstrução dos pontos de imagem. Assim, este estudo explora uma abordagem alternativa baseada em emissões em cascata de raios gama não colineares, que são emitidas diretamente a partir da posição de decaimento e não são afetadas pelo movimento do pósitron. A detecção dessas cascatas em coincidência permite a localização precisa dos eventos de decaimento, possibilitando a reconstrução direta dos pontos de imagem. Para avaliar esse conceito, utilizou-se a simulação Monte Carlo GATE para simular a emissão em cascata de fontes pontuais de ¹¹¹In e a detecção por meio de um scanner PET colimado para pequenos animais. Por fim, foi desenvolvido um algoritmo personalizado de reconstrução de imagem para estimar a posição tridimensional de um núcleo em decaimento, calculando o ponto médio do menor segmento — ou a interseção — entre duas projeções de colimador provenientes de um evento de coincidência válido. Os resultados mostram que, no centro do campo de visão, foram alcançadas sensibilidades de imagem de 22,2 cps/MBq no ar e 20,0 cps/MBq em um fantoma de PMMA. Além disso, foram obtidas resoluções espaciais de 4,1 mm FWHM na direção transaxial e 7,6 mm FWHM na direção axial. O sistema de imagem foi capaz de resolver duas fontes pontuais separadas por 8,0 mm (transaxial) e 10,0 mm (axial). Os resultados desta simulação indicam que o dispositivo de imagem proposto, juntamente com seu método de reconstrução, supera as técnicas convencionais de PET e SPECT em termos de precisão na localização do ponto de emissão.

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    24-04-2026

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