New articles published: V. 14 n. 2 (2026)

Small Modular Reactors: An Innovative Proposal for Brazil’s Energy Transition

Abstract: Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) represent a promising technological innovation for energy transition, offering enhanced safety, operational flexibility, and modularity. This study examines critical success factors for SMR implementation in Brazil’s energy matrix, addressing regulatory, economic, technical, and social dimensions. A qualitative approach combined bibliometric analysis of 190 documents from Scopus with semi-structured interviews of nine Brazilian experts with over 15 years of experience. Results reveal regulatory framework inadequacy was identified by 77.8% of experts as the primary barrier, followed by capacity building needs (55.6%), risk management challenges (55.6%), and economic viability concerns (44.4%). Private sector participation (66.7%) and diverse industrial applications (33.3%) emerged as key opportunities. SMRs can contribute to decarbonization goals and energy security in Brazil, particularly for industrial applications in petrochemical facilities, mining operations, and offshore platforms. Successful implementation requires: (1) continuous state nuclear policy; (2) SMR-specific regulatory frameworks; (3) public-private partnership models; (4) capacity building programs; and (5) transparent communication strategies. This research provides empirical evidence from Brazilian experts and specific recommendations for policymakers, regulators, and industry stakeholders. Read full article.