Characterization of bi-layers formed over maraging steel 300 during aging process with steam atmosphere by GIXRD and SEM

Authors

  • Vanessa Sanches Pereira da Silva AMAZUL – Amazônia Azul Tecnologias de Defesa S.A.
  • José Roberto Ferreira Neto AMAZUL – Amazônia Azul Tecnologias de Defesa S.A.
  • Silvia Lucas Ferreira da Silva AMAZUL – Amazônia Azul Tecnologias de Defesa S.A.
  • Diogo Costa de Oliveira AMAZUL – Amazônia Azul Tecnologias de Defesa S.A.
  • Fábio de Camargo AMAZUL – Amazônia Azul Tecnologias de Defesa S.A.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15392/bjrs.v9i1A.1578

Keywords:

Maraging Steel, Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy

Abstract

Maraging steels are martensitic steels hardened by precipitation during thermal aging, with good machining properties and high strength and corrosion resistance. It is well suited for applications which require high strength-to-weight material, being used in aerospace, aeronautics and nuclear industries. A protective and corrosion resistant oxide layer can be formed during age hardening if treated in steam atmosphere. This work aims to use grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) to evaluate qualitatively the thickness of the layers formed during this process. GIXRD and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to identify and order the layered structure formed on four specimens of maraging steel grade 300 with different surface finishes that were previously solution annealed twice at (950 ± 5) °C for 1 h, air-cooled, and submitted to oxidation process under positive pressure around 1.5 kPa of steam at (480 ± 5) °C for 6 h followed by forced air cooling. The diffraction patterns were measured employing CuKα radiation and parallel beam, in step scan mode, using incident angles varying from 0.2º to 4.0º and 20º < 2θ < 85º. The results revealed the formation of two layers, the innermost was formed by γ-iron (austenite – fcc) phase followed by a mixture of oxides (hematite and magnetite) on the top, regardless of surface finish, which was confirmed by the SEM analysis that also allowed the measurement of the average layer’s thickness of oxides (1.130 ± 0.094) µm and austenite (0.507 ± 0.090) µm phases, and corroborated the qualitative thicknesses analysis made from GIXRD results.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Vanessa Sanches Pereira da Silva, AMAZUL – Amazônia Azul Tecnologias de Defesa S.A.

Degradation Materials Laboratory (LADEM)

José Roberto Ferreira Neto, AMAZUL – Amazônia Azul Tecnologias de Defesa S.A.

Laboratório de Degradação de Materiais (LADEM)

Silvia Lucas Ferreira da Silva, AMAZUL – Amazônia Azul Tecnologias de Defesa S.A.

Laboratório de Degradação de Materiais (LADEM)

Diogo Costa de Oliveira, AMAZUL – Amazônia Azul Tecnologias de Defesa S.A.

Laboratório de Degradação de Materiais (LADEM)

Fábio de Camargo, AMAZUL – Amazônia Azul Tecnologias de Defesa S.A.

Laboratório de Degradação de Materiais (LADEM)

References

MOURITZ, . P. Introduction to Aerospace Materials, 1st ed. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing, 2012.

SHA, W.; GUO, Z. Maraging Steels: Modelling of Microstructure, Properties and Applications, 1st ed. New York: Woodhead Publishing, 2009.

TEWARI, R. ; MAZUMDER, S.; BATRA, I. ; DEY, G.; BANERJEE, S. Precipitation in 18 wt% Ni maraging steel of grade 350. Acta Materialia, v. 48, p. 1187-1200, 2000.

REZEK, J.; KLEIN, I. E.; YAHALOM, J. Structure and corrosion resistance of oxides grown on maraging steel in steam at elevated temperatures. Applied Surface Science, v. 108, p. 159 165,1997.

KLEIN, I. E.; YANIV, A. E. ; SHARON, J. The Oxidation Mechanism of Fe-Ni-Co Alloys. Oxidation of Metals, v. 16, p. 99-106, 1981.

QUADAKKERS W. J. ; ENNIS P. J. ; ZUREK J. ; MICHALIK M. Steam oxidation of ferritic steels - laboratory test kinetic data. Materials at High Temperatures, v. 22, p. 47-60, 2005.

ENNIS P. J. ; QUADAKKERS W. J. Mechanisms of steam oxidation in high strength martensitic steels. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, v. 84, p. 75-81, 2007.

LHOTKA, J.; KUZEL, R.; CAPPUCIO, G.; VALVODA, V. Thickness determination of thin polycrystalline film by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. Surface and Coatings Technology, v. 148, p. 96-101, 2001.

BROADHURST, A.; ROGERS, K. D.; LOWE, T. W.; LANE, D. W. Determination of depth-dependent diffraction data: a new approach. Foundations of Crystallography, v. A61, p. 139-146, 2005.

SIMONEONE, D.; BALDINOZZI, G.; GOSSET, D.; ZALCZER, G.; BÉRAR, J. Rietveld refinements performed on mesoporous ceria layers at grazing incidence. Journal of Applied Crystallography, v. 44, p. 1205-1210, 2011.

CULLITY, B. D.; STOCK, S. R. Elements of X-Ray Diffraction, 3rd ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, 2014.

KLAUS, M.; GENZEL, C. X-ray residual stress analysis on multilayer systems: an approach for depth-resolved data evaluation. Jounal of Applied Crystallography, v. 46, p. 1266-1276, 2013.

BIRKHOLZ, M. Thin Film Analysis by X-Ray Scattering, 1st ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006.

MAGNEE, A.; DRAPIER, J. M.; COUTSOURADIS, D.; HABRAKAN, L.; DUMONT, J. Cobalt-containing high-strength steels. Brussels: Centre D'information Du Cobalt, 1974.

Downloads

Published

2021-04-30

How to Cite

Silva, V. S. P. da, Neto, J. R. F., Silva, S. L. F. da, Oliveira, D. C. de, & Camargo, F. de. (2021). Characterization of bi-layers formed over maraging steel 300 during aging process with steam atmosphere by GIXRD and SEM. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, 9(1A). https://doi.org/10.15392/bjrs.v9i1A.1578

Issue

Section

The Meeting on Nuclear Applications (ENAN) 2019

Most read articles by the same author(s)