Development of anthropomorphic computational phantoms at the UFPE

José Wilson Vieira; Pedro Henrique Avelino Andrade; Alex Cristóvão Holanda Oliveira; Vanildo Júnior de Melo Lima; Isabelle Viviane Batista Lacerda; Arykerne Casado Silva; Ivan Eufrázio Santana; Whoody Alem Wanderley Farias; Larissa Cristina Silva Santos; Fernanda Gonçalves Oliveira; Fernando Roberto de Andrade Lima

doi:10.15392/2319-0612.2023.2243

Authors

Dr. José Wilson Vieira Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3739-8812
Dr. Pedro Henrique Avelino de Andrade Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4257-6003
Dr. Alex Cristóvão Holanda de Oliveira Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9240-3354
Dr. Vanildo Júnior de Melo Lima Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Dra. Isabelle Viviane Batista de Lacerda Faculdade Nova Esperança
Dr. Arykerne Nascimento Casado Silva Universidade Federal de Pernambuco https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3126-4482
M.Sc. Ivan Eufrázio de Santana Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Whoody Alem Wanderley Araripe Farias Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
M.Sc. Larissa Cristina Silva dos Santos Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Fernanda Gonçalves Oliveira Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1103-3153
Dr. Fernando Roberto de Andrade Lima Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2023.2243

Keywords:

Monte Carlo methods, exposure computational models, anthropomorphic computational phantoms, EGSnrc

Abstract

To evaluate the amount of energy deposited in radiosensitive organs and tissues of the human body, when an anthropomorphic phantom is irradiated, researchers in numerical dosimetry use the so-called exposure computational models (ECMs). One can imagine an ECM as a virtual scene composed of a phantom in a mathematically defined position in relation to a radioactive source. The source in these ECMs produces the initial state of the simulation: the position, direction, and energy with which each particle enters the phantom are essential variables. For subsequent states of a particle history, robust Monte Carlo (MC) codes are used. For the subsequent states of a particle's history, robust Monte Carlo (MC) codes are used, which simulate the average free path that the particle performs without interacting, its interaction with the atoms in the medium and the amount of energy deposited per interaction. MC codes also evaluate normalization quantities, so the results are printed in text files in the form of conversion coefficients between the absorbed dose and the selected normalization quantity. From the 2000s, the authors have published ECMs where a voxel phantom is irradiated by photons in the environment of the MC code EGSnrc (EGS = Electron Gamma Shower; nrc = National Research Council Canada). The production of articles, dissertations and theses required the use of specific computational tools, such as the FANTOMAS, DIP (Digital Image Processing) and Monte Carlo applications, for the various steps of numerical dosimetry, which ranges from the preparation of input files to the execution from the ECM to the organization and graphical and numerical analysis of the results. This article reviews computational phantoms for dosimetry mainly those produced in DEN-UFPE dissertations and thesis.

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