Concrete containers in radioactive waste management: a review

Authors

  • Barbara Lacerda Tavares Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear
  • Clédola Cássia Oliveira de Tello Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15392/bjrs.v7i2A.735

Keywords:

radioactive waste management, repositories, concrete containers

Abstract

Nuclear power is considered a clean energy because it does not produce the gases responsible for greenhouse effect. However, like all human activities, it is susceptible to the generation of waste. With the increasing demand for energy in Brazil, the use of nuclear power is being expanded. With this, the implementation of proper treatment and disposal have become a necessity in order to ensure the non-contamination of the public or environment and that the exposure doses are lower than the limits determined by legislation. Most of the waste produced in Brazil is classified with low and intermediate radiation levels; consequently, the national repository will be near surface, in accordance with the legislation. Considering the multi-barrier concept for the repository, the radioactive waste product is the first barrier. To have a qualified radioactive waste product, it should be solid or solidified using an inert material. With the intention to standardize the disposal process, all radioactive waste products will be placed in concrete containers. These containers will be settled in a concrete cell, which is the final engineered barrier of the repository. The state of the art is the first part of the study of the concrete containers and its specific criteria acceptation. Tests still need to be performed in order to ensure the stability and resistance of the material, since the repository’s operational and surveillance period is 60 and 300 years respectively.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

“Eletronuclear: Panorama da Energia Nuclear no Mundo,” http://www.eletronuclear.gov.br/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=SG_9CnL80wM%3d&tabid=406 (2016).

“The National Commission for Nuclear Energy: National Report of Brazil 2014,” http://www.cnen.gov.br/images/cnen/documentos/drs/relatorios-de-convencao/Waste_final_14.pdf (2014).

“The National Commission for Nuclear Energy: Quem somos.” http://www.cnen.gov.br/quem-somos (2017).

“Eletronuclear: Central Nuclear Almirante Álvaro Alberto.” http://www.eletronuclear.gov.br/Aempresa/CentralNuclear.aspx (2017).

“Agência Brasil: Angra 3 busca sócio privado para concluir construção”. http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2017-07/angra-3-busca-socio-privado-para-concluir-construcao (2017).

“Empresa de Pesquisa Energética: Plano Nacional 2030,” http://www.epe.gov.br/PNE/20080111_1.pdf (2007).

“Empresa de Pesquisa Energética: Demanda de Energia 2050,” http://www.epe.gov.br/Estudos/Documents/DEA%2013-15%20Demanda%20de%20Energia%202050.pdf (2016).

IAEA, “Radiation, People and the Environment”, IAEA, Vienna, Austria (2004).

“International Atomic Energy Agency: Status of the implementation of Brazilian national repository,” http://www.iaea.org/inis/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/47/032/47032123.pdf (2015).

CNEN, Licensing of storage and disposal facilities for low-and intermediate-level radioactive waste, Regulation CNEN-NN-8.02, CNEN, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2014).

C. C. O. Tello, L. M. V. Barbosa, “Cimentação: Opção para Tratamento e Remediação”, Congresso Brasileiro de Ciência e Tecnologia em Resíduos e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, ICTR/NISAM USP, Florianópolis, Oct.17-20, Brazil (2004).

C. C. O. Tello, V. Cuccia, “Experiência Internacional no uso da Betuminização como Processo de Solidificação de Rejeitos Radioativos”, CDTN, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (2011).

C. C. O. Tello, Projeto de repositório para rejeitos radioativos de baixo e médio níveis de radiação, CDTN, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (2015).

C. C. O. Tello, Waste Cementation – a Simple, Effective and Economical Waste Treatment, CDTN, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (2008).

CNEN, Aceptation Criteria for Disposal of Low and Intermediate Radiation Level Waste CNEN-NN-6.09, CNEN, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2002).

K. Brodén, S. Carugati, K. Brodersen, et. al, “Experiences of Storage of Radioactive Waste Packages in the Nordic Countries”, NKS-32, Roskilde, Denmark (2001).

L.A. F. Bauer, Materiais de Construção, Grupo Editorial Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2000).

ABCP, Guia Básico de Utilização do Cimento Portland, ABCP, São Paulo, Brazil (2002).

S. Mindess, J. Young, D. Darwin, Concrete, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, United States (2002).

H. Farzam, ACI Committee 116, Cement and Concrete Terminology, ACI 116R-00, United States (2000).

S. Mindess, “Fiber Reinforced Concrete: myth and reality,” Advances in Cement and Concrete, (1994).

“Sika: Fiber Reinforced Concrete Tecnology,” http://mys.sika.com/en/concrete-redirect/sika-concrete-technology/sika-sprayed-concrete-topics/requirements/fiber-reinforced-sprayed-concrete.html (2017).

ABNT, Projeto de estruturas de Concreto - ABNT NBR 6118, ABNT, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2004)

J. C. X. Andrade Filho, A. J. C. Silva, T. W. C. O. Andrade, “Pré-fabricados de concreto: cenário atual e necessidades especiais de produção e controle”, Concreto & Construções, 59/38, pp.65-69 (2010).

P. Salzer, V. Hanusik, L. Ehn, “Radioactive waste disposal in Slovakia: current practice and development”, IEAE-CN, 90/26, pp.139-146 (20xx).

I. Hudoba, “Utilization of concrete as a construction material in the concept of Radioactive Waste Storage in Slovak Republic,” Acta Montanistica Slovaca, 12, pp.157-161 (2007).

I. Hudoba, P. Greslík, “High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete as Attractive Material for Container Production in Radioactive Waste Management”, Symposium Keep Concrete Attractive, xx Budapest, pp.328-332 (2005).

“Low and intermediate waste management in Spain,” https://www.ipen.br/biblioteca/cd/inac/2002/ENAN/E05/E05_579.PDF (20xx).

“Inernational Atomic Energy Agency: LILW acceptance procedures in spain: distribution of responsibilities,” https://www.iaea.org/OurWork/ST/NE/NEFW/WTS-Networks/DISPONET/disponetfiles/TM_WAP_France2012/TM_WAP_France2012-L4-WastePackagesAcceptProcess_Vico.pdf (2012).

“ENRESA: El Cabril Disposal Facility”, http://www.enresa.es/eng/index/activities-and-projects/el-cabril (2017).

“Government of United Kingdom: Radioactive Waste Management. Waste Package Specification and Guidance Documentation,” https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/461498/WPS-640-Guidance-on-Monitoring-of-Waste-Packages-During-Storage-2008.pdf (2008).

“Government of United Kingdom. Radioactive Waste Management. Waste Package Specification for 6 cubic metre concrete box waste package,” https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/485127/WPS_360_03_-_WPS_for_6_cubic_metre_concrete_box_waste_package.pdf (2015).

Downloads

Published

2019-02-25

How to Cite

Tavares, B. L., & Tello, C. C. O. de. (2019). Concrete containers in radioactive waste management: a review. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, 7(2A (Suppl.). https://doi.org/10.15392/bjrs.v7i2A.735