New article published in 12(4B) - ENFIR/INAC 2024

Floating NPP for co-generation of electricity and water desalination in Brazil

Abstract: Climate change, population growth, urbanization, agriculture demand, water pollution and inefficient water management practices exacerbate the problem of water scarce particularly in the semi-arid Northeast. Additionally, long-term planning and investment are essential to mitigate future water scarcity challenges as the demand for water continues to rise with population growth and economic development. Desalination in Brazil is typically done through conventional methods, such as reverse osmosis, but not through nuclear source. While Brazil has a robust nuclear energy program, primarily for electricity generation, the country does not use nuclear reactors for desalination purposes. The objective of the present analysis of the inclusion of a project of a floating nuclear power plant (FNPP) in Brazil to co-generation  of electricity and potable water by means of seawater desalination in residences and industries located in remote regions. This paper reviews recents works in the area of SMR and desalinization in Brazil. In addition, calls on investors, researchers, engineers, regulators, designers, stakeholders and decision-markets to open the debate about the the possibility of developing a national FNPP in the future. Read full article. 

Environmental costs of nuclear reactors: a literature review

Abstract: The provision of reliable and affordable energy, while reducing environmental impacts, is an increasing challenge. Nuclear energy stands out as an important low-carbon alternative in the energy transition, supporting intermittent renewable sources. However, despite its environmental advantages, nuclear energy still faces some challenges, such as the decommissioning of reactors at the end of their life cycle and technological advancements with the construction of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). The costs and environmental impacts of these processes must be considered to inform energy decision-making. The objective of this article is, therefore, to present a literature review on the calculation of environmental costs in the nuclear energy sector. This article marks the initial stage of an ongoing research project aimed at creating a program to calculate the environmental costs of Brazilian nuclear power plants and future SMRs. Thus, this study was conducted as qualitative research through a literature review, as part of an ongoing project. The literature review highlighted the theoretical basis that involves the subject, as well as the projects and studies already carried out on the topic. Finally, the calculation of environmental costs is encouraged, with the ultimate purpose of supporting energy decision-making. Read full article.