Bioburden proliferation in vehicle air filters waste: the use of gamma radiation on fungal decontamination

SIMONE AQUINO; José Eduardo Alves de Lima; Sueli Ivone Borrely

doi:10.15392/bjrs.v9i1A.1254

Authors

SIMONE AQUINO Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1445-6490
José Eduardo Alves de Lima Universidade Nove de Julho - UNINOVE https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1382-5944
Sueli Ivone Borrely Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9692-5539

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15392/bjrs.v9i1A.1254

Keywords:

air, car, fungi, gamma

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the fungal contamination of air-conditioning filters waste (n=20) as an indicator of Quality Air Indoor from different car models, that were collected from 10 exchange stations located in the South, North, West, Downtown and East, of the city of São Paulo in São Paulo State, Brazil, during the period from October 2017 to November 2018. Sampling of filter particles (33 fragments of 10 × 10-mm size) were plated onto solidified Potato Dextrose agar in Petri dishes. The samples were incubated for 7 days at 25 °C and were stored in a standard Biochemical Oxygen Demand incubator, for growth of fungal cultures. After incubation, the fungal culture in the plates was evaluated, and the total counting of infected fragments was expressed as a percentage. The fungi were examined by Lactophenol blue solution staining for microscopy. All samples were contaminated with various fungal genera, including Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Penicillium. The study also aimed to evaluate the fungal enumeration in the samples that were irradiated with dose of 10 kGy to fungal decontamination of air-conditioning filters waste. Of total samples, 50% were completed decontaminated, but some genera such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Cladosporium and yeasts demonstrated radioresistance at the dose of 10 kGy. The only yeast called Rhodotorula showed an increase in growth after the irradiation process.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

SIMONE AQUINO, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN

Centro de Tecnologia das Radiações - CTRD
José Eduardo Alves de Lima, Universidade Nove de Julho - UNINOVE

Departamento de Saúde II- Laboratório de Microbiologia
Sueli Ivone Borrely, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN

Centro de Tecnologia de Radiações - CTRD

References

VIEGAS, C.; MONTEIRO, A.; SANTOS, M.; FARIA, T.; CAETANO, L.A.; CAROLINO, E. Filters from taxis air conditioning system: a tool to characterize driver’s occupational exposure to bioburden? Environ Res, v. 164, p. 522–529, 2018.

AQUINO, S.; LIMA, J.E.A.; NASCIMENTO, A.P.B.; REIS, F.C. Analysis of fungal contami-nation in vehicle air filters and their impact as a bioaccumulator on indoor air quality. Air Qual At-mos Health, v. 11, p. 1143–1153, 2018.

OPPLIGER; A. Advancing the science of bioaerosol exposure assessment.

Ann Occup Hyg, v. 58, p. 661–663, 2014.

LI, J. ; LI, M.; SHEN, F.; ZOU, Z.; YAO, M.; WU, C. Characterization of biological aerosol exposure risks from automobile air conditioning system. Environ Sci Technol, v. 47, p. 10660–10666, 2013.

CERQUEIRA, P.E.S.; GUIMARÃES, A.B.F. Indoor air quality in a petrochemical industry. Cientefico, v. 17, p. 1–18, 2017.

COTE, C.K.; BUHR, T.; BERNHARDS, C.B.; GIBBINS, H.S. et al. A Standard Method to Inactivate Bacillus anthracis Spores to Sterility Using γ-Irradiation. Appl Environ Microb, v. 84, p. e00106-18, 2018.

PITT, J.I. ; HOCKING, A.D. Fungi and food spoilage, 3th ed., London: Springer Science & Business Media, 2009.

BERJAK, P. Report of seed storage group working group on the effects of storage fungi on seed viability. Seed Sci Technol, v. 12, p. 233–253, 1984.

OWEN, M.K.; ENSOR, D.S.; SPARKS, L.E. Airborne particle sizes and sources found in in-door air. Atmos Environ, v. 26, p. 2149–2162, 1992.

HONG, J.B.; CHUNG, Y.H.; CHANG, Y.H. Distribution of hospital airborne microorganisms in Seoul, Korea. Korean J Environ Health, v. 29, p. 1–7, 2003.

CAO, J.J.; RONG, B.; LEE, S.C.; CHOW, J.C.; HO, K.F.; LIU, S.X.; ZHU, C.S. Composition of indoor aerosols at Emperor Gin's Terra-Cotta Museum, Xi’an, China, during summer, 2004. Chi-na Particuology, v. 3, p. 170–175, 2005.

LEE, J.; JO, W. Exposure to airborne fungi and bacteria while commuting in passenger cars and public buses. Atmos Environ, v. 39, p. 7342–7350, 2005.

CHEN, Y.P.; CUI, Y.; DONG, J.G. Variation of airborne bacteria and fungi at Emperor Qin's Terra-Cotta Museum, Xi'an, China, during the “Oct. 1” Gold Week Period of 2006. Environ Sci Pollut Res, v. 17, p. 478–485, 2010.

SIMMONS, R.B.; NOBLE, J.A.; ROSE, L.; PRICE, D.L.; CROW, S.A.; AHEARN, D.G. Fungal colonization of automobile air conditioning systems. J Ind Microbiol Biot, v. 19, p. 150–153, 1997.

SCHOENLEIN-CRUSIUS, I.H.; TRUFEM, S.F.B.; GRANDI, R.A.P.; MILANEZ, A.I.M.; PIRES-ZOTTARELLI, C.L.A. Airborne fungi in the region of Cubatão, São Paulo State, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol, v. 32, p. 61-65, 2001.

GNIADEK, A. Cytotoxicity of Aspergillus fungi as a potential infectious threat. In: ROY, P.R. Insight and control of infectious disease in global scenario. London: IntechOpen, 2012, p. 231–248.

DALY, M.J. Death by protein damage in irradiated cells. DNA Repair (Amst), v. 11, p. 12- 21, 2012.

SLADE, D.; RADMAN, M. Oxidative stress resistance in Deinococcus radiodurans. Micro-biol Mol Biol R, v. 75, p.133–191, 2011.

WILLIAMS, E.; LOWE, T.M.; SAVAS, J.; DIRUGGIERO, J. Microarray analysis of the hy-perthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus exposed to gamma irradiation. Extremophiles, v. 11, p.19–29, 2007.

LIU, Y.; ZHOU, J.; OMELCHENKO, M.V.; BELIAEV A.S.; VENKATESWARAN A. et al. Transcriptome dynamics of Deinococcus radiodurans recovering from ionizing radiation. Natl Acad Sci USA, v. 100, p. 4191–196, 2003.

JUNG, K.W.; YANG, D.H.; KIM, M.K.; SEO, H.S.; LIM, S.; BAHN, Y. S. Unraveling fun-gal radiation resistance regulatory networks through the genome-wide transcriptome and genetic analyses of Cryptococcus neoformans. mBio, v. 7, p. e01483-16, 2016.

HOLLOMAN, W.K.; SCHIRAWSKI, J.; HOLLIDAY, R. Towards understanding the ex-treme radiation resistance of Ustilago maydis. Trends Microbiol, v. 15, p. 525–529, 2007.

TKAVC, R.; MATROSOVA, V.Y.; GRICHENKO, O.E. et al. Prospects for fungal bioreme-diation of acidic radioactive waste sites: characterization and genome sequence of Rhodotorula tai-wanensis MD1149. Front Microbiol, v. 8, p. 1-21, 2018.

AQUINO, S.; GONÇALEZ, E.; ROSSI, M.H., et al. Evaluation of Fungal Burden and Afla-toxin Presence in Packed Medicinal Plants Treated by Gamma Radiation. J Food Protect, v. 73, p. 932–937, 2010.

AZIZ, N.H.; EL-FOULY, M. Z.; ABU-SHADY, M.R. ; MOUSSA, L.A.A. Effect of gamma radiation on the survival of fungal and actinomycetal florae contaminating medicinal plants. Appl Radiat Isot, v. 48, p. 71–76, 1997.

LEWIS, N.F. ; MADHAVESH, D.A. ; QUMTA, U.S. Role of carotenoid pigments on radio-resistance on Micrococci. Canadian J Microbiol, v. 20, p. 455–459, 1974.

LIN, M.T. ; DIANESE, J.C. A coconut agar medium for rapid detection of aflatoxin produc-tion by Aspergillus spp. Phytopathology, v. 66, p. 1466–1469, 1976.

WORK, E. Amino acids of walls of Micrococcus radiodurans. Nature, v. 201, p. 107–109, 1984.

DADACHOVA, E.; BRYAN, R.A.; HOWELL, R.C.; SCHWEITZER, A.D.; AISEN, P.; NOSANCHUK, J.D.; CASADEVALL, A. The radioprotective properties of fungal melanin are a function of its chemical composition, stable radical presence and spatial arrangement. Pigm Cell Melanoma R, v. 21, p.192–199, 2008.