Oxide layer characterization by XRD and Rietveld refinements in maraging steel 300 aged in steam atmosphere
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15392/bjrs.v9i1A.1573Keywords:
Maraging Steel, X-ray Diffraction, Rietveld MethodAbstract
Maraging steels are martensitic steels hardened by precipitation of intermetallic compounds in thermal aging, with good machining properties and high strength, fracture toughness and corrosion resistance, being used in aircraft parts and rocket motor-case, tooling applications and nuclear plants. During thermal aging in steam atmosphere a protective and corrosion resistant oxide layer is formed over the bulk. In this work, conventional Bragg-Brentano geometry was used to identify the phases formed in four specimens of maraging steel grade 300 with different surface finishes that were previously solution annealed twice at (950 ± 5) °C for 1 h, air-cooled, and submitted to oxidation process under positive pressure about 1.5 kPa of steam at (480 ± 5) °C for 6 h, followed by forced air-cooling. Diffraction patterns were measured employing CuKα radiation, ranging 20º < 2θ < 85º and the Rietveld method was used to better characterize the structures identified. Through Rietveld refinements it was possible to conclude that the layer formed during heat treatment process is constituted by a transition metallic phase with a quasi-cubic face centered unit cell, and an oxide layer that includes hematite, magnetite and a spinel structure type MFe2O4, where M could be an alloying element, for all analyzed samples.
Downloads
References
TEWARI R. ; MAZUMDER S. ; BATRA I. ; DEY G. ; BANERJEE S. Precipitation in 18 wt% Ni maraging steel of grade 350. Acta Materialia, v. 48, p. 1187-1200, 2000.
REZEK J. ; KLEIN I. E. ; YAHALOM J. Structure and corrosion resistance of oxides grown on maraging steel in steam at elevated temperatures. Applied Surface Science, v. 108, p. 159 165, 1997.
SHA W. ; GUO Z. Maraging Steels: Modelling of Microstructure, Properties and Applications, 1st ed., New York: Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2009.
MAGNEE A. ; DRAPIER J. M. ; COUTSOURADIS D. ; HABRAKAN L. ; DUMONT J. Cobalt-containing high-strength steels. Centre D'information Du Cobalt, Brussels, 1974.
QUADAKKERS W. J. ; ENNIS P. J. ; ZUREK J. ; MICHALIK M. Steam oxidation of ferritic steels - laboratory test kinetic data. Materials at High Temperatures, v. 22, p. 47-60, 2005.
ENNIS P. J. ; QUADAKKERS W. J. Mechanisms of steam oxidation in high strength martensitic steels. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, v. 84, p. 75-81, 2007.
SUZUKI S. ; KAKITA K. A Comparative Study of GDOES, SIMS and XPS Depth Profiling of Thin Layers on Metallic Materials. Journal of Surface Analysis, v. 12, p. 174-177, 2005.
RIETVELD H. M. Line profiles of neutron powder-diffraction peaks for structure refinement. Acta Crystallographica, v. 22, p. 151-152, 1967.
RIETVELD H. M. A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures. Journal of Applied Crystallography, v. 2, p. 65-71, 1969.
CPD - Commission on Powder Diffraction; IUCr - International Union of Crystallography. Rietveld Refinament from Powder Diffractin Data, n. 26, 2001.
WILL G. Powder Diffraction: The Rietveld Method and Two-Stage Method, 1st ed., Berlin: Springer, 2006.
KLEIN, I.E. ; YANIV, A.E. ; SHARON, J. The Oxidation Mechanism of Fe-Ni-Co Alloys. Oxidation of Metals, v. 16, p. 99-106, 1981.
TAGLIENT, M. A. ; PENZA M. ; GUSSO M. ; QUIRINI A. Characterisation of ZnS:Mn thin films by Rietveld refinement of Bragg-Brentano X-ray diffraction patterns. Thin Solid Films, v. 353, p. 129-136, 1999.
NUNES G. C. S.; SARVEZUK P. W. C.; BIONDO V.; BLANCO M. C.; NUNES M. V. S. Structural and magnetic characterization of martensitic Maraging-350. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 646, p. 321-325, 2015.
NUNES G. C. S.; SARVEZUK P. W. C.; ALVES T. J. B.; BIONDO V.; IVASHITA F.; PAESANO JR. A. Maraging-350 steel: Following the aging through diffractometric, magnetic and hyperfine analysis. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 421, p. 457-461, 2017.
ALVES T. J. B.; NUNES G. C. S.; TUPAN L. F. S.; SARVEZUK P. W. C.; IVASHITA F. F.; OLIVEIRA C. A. S.; PAESANO JR. A. Aging-Induced Transformations of maraging-400 Alloys. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, v. 49, p. 3441–3449, 2018.
TOBY B. H. R factors in Rietveld analysis: How good is good enough? Powder Diffraction, v. 21, p. 67-70, 2006.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Licensing: The BJRS articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
How to Cite
