Influence of Ionizing Radiation on Additive Manufacturing of ABS

Karine L. Carvalho; Wallace V. Nunes; Ary M. Azevedo; Paulo C. R. Silveira

doi:10.15392/2319-0612.2025.2965

Authors

Karine L. Carvalho Military Institute of Engineering (IME) , Military Institute of Engineering
Wallace V. Nunes Military Institute of Engineering (IME) , Military Institute of Engineering
Ary M. de Azevedo Military Institute of Engineering (IME)
Paulo C. R. Silveira Military Institute of Engineering (IME) , Military Institute of Engineering

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2025.2965

Keywords:

ABS, gamma irradiation, mechanical properties, 3D Printing

Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of the behavior of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), a material widely used in 3D printing, when exposed to continuous ionizing radiation. Therefore, a detailed investigation of the changes in its mechanical properties is proposed. To this end, specimens specifically designed for each test were created and printed in two different configurations: solid and with 20% infill. The tests aimed to evaluate the material's mechanical response after irradiation, comparing irradiated and non-irradiated samples. Tensile, hardness, compression, ballistic, and density tests were performed. The irradiation stage took place at the Institute of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense (IDQBRN), in collaboration with the Military Engineering Institute (IME). The main objective of the research is to evaluate the durability of ABS after a certain period of radiation exposure. The results demonstrate that radiation has a positive influence on the material's mechanical performance, particularly in tensile and compression tests, which showed significant improvements. Hardness, ballistic, and density tests indicated more modest but still significant increases. In summary, this study contributes to the understanding of the effects of ionizing radiation on ABS and highlights potential applications in industrial and commercial settings that require greater mechanical strength.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] L. Santana, J. L. Alves, A. C. Sabino Netto, C. Merlini, “Estudo comparativo entre PETG e PLA para impressão 3D através de caracterização térmica, química e mecânica”, Revista Matéria, vol. 23, no. 4, e-12267, 2018. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-707620180004.0601. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1517-707620180004.0601

[2] BRIGGS, N.; SILVA, A. M. C. da; OLIVEIRA, A. P.; D’OLIVEIRA, D. C.; AMORIM, A. S. de, “Determination of the absorbed dose to water in Cs-137 research irradiator chambers using Fricke dosimetry”, Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, vol. 12, no. 2, e2418, 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2418. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2418

[3] ASTM Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics; ASTM D638-14; ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, 2014. Disponível em: https://www.astm.org/d638-14.html

[4] ASTM, Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics, ASTM D695-15, ASTM International, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.astm.org/d0695-15.html

[5] A. B.-H. d. S. Figueiredo, H. d. C. Vital, R. P. Weber, et al., “Ballistic tests of alumina-hmwpe composites submitted to gamma radiation”, Materials Research, vol. 22, e20190251, 2019. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2019-0251. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2019-0251

[6] ASTM, A. international, standard test method for rubber property-durometer hardness. [Online]. Avail-able: https://www.%20astm.org/.

[7] CHARLESBY, A., Atomic Radiation and Polymers, Pergamon Press, 1991.

[8] CHMIELEWSKI, A. G. et al., “Radiation modification of polymers for biomedical applications”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, vol. 236, pp. 44–52, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2005.03.247

[9] CALLISTER, W. D.; RETHWISCH, D. G., Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, 10th ed., Wiley, 2018.

[10] BASF. Gamma Irradiation of Polymers – Technical Report. BASF, 2004.

[11] RIVATON, A.; GILLES, S.; CHAILAN, J. F., “Influence of irradiation on polymer morphology and mechanical response”, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 91, no. 8, pp. 1876–1884, 2006.

[12] ZHAO, H.; ROTH, C. B.; KIM, M. J., “Effects of gamma radiation on the mechanical and morphological properties of polymer composites”, Radiation Physics and Chemistry, vol. 160, pp. 132–140, 2019.

[13] OSHIMA, A.; ITO, H.; NAKAYAMA, H., “Radiation-induced crosslinking in amorphous thermoplastics.” In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Polymer Science and Technology, 2015, Kyoto, Japan. Kyoto: Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2015.

[14] DIZON, J. R. C.; ESPAÑA, M. S.; VALERIANO, C. J., “Post-processing of AM polymers for enhanced interlayer adhesion.” In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Additive Manufacturing Research and Innovation, 2018, Manila, Philippines. Manila: De La Salle University Publishing House, 2018.

[15] GARCIA, M. A.; SANTOS, P. R.; TORRES, L. M., “Mechanical reproducibility in radiation-treated AM components.” In: Proceedings of the Latin American Conference on Polymers and Radiation Technology, 2021, São Paulo, Brazil. São Paulo: Brazilian Society for Radiation Sciences, 2021.

[16] BHATTACHARYA, A., CHOUDHURY, A., NARAYANAN, K., “Dose-dependent effects of gamma irradiation on ABS.” In: Proceedings of the International Radiation Materials Conference, 2019, Mumbai, India. Mumbai: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2019.

[17] DROBNY, J. G., Handbook of Polymer Testing, CRC Press, 2010.

[18] ZHANG, L. et al., “Effects of radiation on the mechanical performance of crosslinked polymer composites”, Polymer Testing, vol. 93, 106990, 2021.