Development of a Methodology for Measuring the Output Factor for Electron Blocks
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2469Keywords:
Radiotherapy, electrons beams, output factor, EPID, PythonAbstract
In light of the routine verification of output factor for electron blocks manufactured for patients and outside the standard square field measurements, this study proposes a methodology for measuring the output factor using EPID, validated by water measurements with a diode, and employing Python programming to analyze the pre-processed detector images. The study used square and rectangular blocks to validate the code and evaluate the limitations of the EPID, finding an agreement of up to ±3.0% for fields larger than 6.0 cm² and ±5.0% for fields between 3.0 cm² and 5.0 cm². The final evaluation aimed to compare square field measurements with asymmetric rectangular fields, and the results showed deviations of less than ±1.0%, thus indicating the feasibility of using EPID for this methodology.
Downloads
References
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE CÂNCER JOSÉ ALENCAR GOMES DA SILVA. Estimativa 2023: Incidência de câncer no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: INCA, 2022. ISBN 978-65-88517-10-9.
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE CÂNCER JOSÉ ALENCAR GOMES DA SILVA. Curso a distância – O Elétron na Radioterapia. Rio de Janeiro: INCA, 2013. IBSN 85-7318-1o1-X.
NEBBIA, J. F.; ORTHOLAN, C.; GERARD, J. P. Radiotherapy in cancer pain management. European Journal of Cancer Supplements, v. 3, n. 3, p. 87-96, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6349(05)80265-4
SONG, CHANGHOON et al. Adjuvant single-fraction radiotherapy is safe and effective for intractable keloids. Journal of radiation research, v. 55, n. 5, p. 912-916, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rru025
MENEZES Neto, B. F. D. (2022). Construção do protocolo de tratamento de queloide do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu. 2022. Dissertação (Mestrado em Medicina) - Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – Faculdade de Medicina, Botucatu, 2022.
OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR, B. et al. Comparative study between the radiotherapy treatment with electrons and beta-therapy after keloid surgery. Surgical & Cosmetic Dermatology, v. 1, n. 2, p. 53-57, 2007.
CARVAJAL, Claudia C. et al. Postoperative radiotherapy in the management of keloids. ecancer medical science, v. 10, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2016.690
OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR, B. et al. Keloid treatment using post operative radiotherapy with electron beams: a comparative randomized study of two methods. Surg Cosmet Dermatol, v. 5, n. 1, p. 16-26, 2013.
JUNIOR, Otsuka; FUMIYUKI, Lauro. E-book sobre cicatrizes patológicas para o não especialista. 2019.
GOMES Olga Santana et al. Cirurgia plástica no Brasil: uma análise epidemiológica. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Científico, v. 24, p. e7375-e7375, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25248/reac.e7375.2021
MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE. Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Ministério da Saúde; [21/06/2021]. Available at: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/queloide/. Acsessed on: 5 jul. 2023.
KHAN, Faiz M. (Ed.). The physics of radiation therapy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010. ISBN 978-1-4511-8245-3.
BULUT, Ahmet. Predicting electron insert output factors at nominal and extended source to surface distance. Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College, 2002.
SILVEIRA, Thiago Bernardino da. Implementação de EPID para avaliação e controle de qualidade de feixes clínicos em radioterapia. Tese de Mestrado. Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria da Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear.
DING, Aiping; XING, Lei; HAN, Bin. Development of an accurate EPID based output measurement and dosimetric verification tool for electron beam therapy. Medical Physics, v. 42, n. 7, p. 4190-4198, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4922400
WANG, Y. et al. Quality assurance of electron beams using a Varian electronic portal imaging device. Physicsin Medicine & Biology, v. 58, n. 16, p. 5461, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/58/16/5461
RIBEIRO, Rosane Moreira. Implementação de Teste para Controle de Qualidade de Feixe de Elétrons utilizando o EPID da Varian. Trabalho de Conclusão de Residência. Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva.
GIBBONS, John P. et al. Monitor unit calculations for external photon and electron beams: Report of the AAPM Therapy Physics Committee Task Group No. 71. Medical physics, v. 41, n. 3, p. 031501, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4864244
STERN, Robin L. et al. Verification of monitor unit calculations for non IMRT clinical radiotherapy: report of AAPM Task Group 114. Medical physics, v. 38, n. 1, p. 504-530, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3521473
MCPARLAND, Brian J. Methods of calculating the output factors of rectangular electron fields. Medical Dosimetry, v. 14, n. 1, p. 17-21, 1989. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0958-3947(89)90131-3
CHOI, David R.; MOBIT, Paul N.; BREITMAN, Karen E. The clinical implementation of a method for calculating the output factor and percent depth dose for an electron beam. Physics in Medicine & Biology, v. 48, n. 7, p. 899, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/48/7/307
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Licensing: The BJRS articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/